Bridge Articles

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    A 21st Century Renaissance
    Technology, humanism, and cross-disciplinary cooperation can combine to take us farther than we dreamed we could go. Good afternoon, and congratulations to our new members. I know you will find your experience with the NAE rewarding. Few organizations have so great an effect on the ...
    Author: George M. C. Fisher
    Release date: Fall 2000
    Volume: 30
    Number: 3/4
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    A 911 Call to the Engineering Profession
    The events of September 11 challenged the future of our heavily engineered environment and the future of the engineering profession. An attack on our nation . . . thousands dead . . . 20 percent of downtown office space in Manhattan damaged or destroyed . . . more than 40 percent of the ...
    Author: Robert Prieto
    Release date: Spring 2002
    Volume: 32
    Number: 1
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    A Call for K–16 Engineering Education
    Engineers are packaged as problem solvers rather than creators and innovators addressing grand challenges. The best-intentioned diversity-recruitment initiatives by engineering colleges nationwide have had little success in increasing access to the richly textured future afforded by careers ...
    Author: Jacquelyn F. Sullivan
    Release date: Summer 2006
    Volume: 36
    Number: 2
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    A Disturbing Mosaic
    The United States is trading the long-term health of U.S. research and education for the appearance of short-term security. William Wulf I assume that all of you have read or heard a discussion of Tom Friedman’s book (2005), The World Is Flat. But just in case, I’ll ...
    Author: Wm. A. Wulf
    Release date: Fall 2005
    Volume: 35
    Number: 3
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    A Framework for K-12 Science Education: Looking Toward the Future of Science Education
    It is an exciting time for K–12 science and engineering education in the United States; a new vision for teaching science and engineering promises to transform the experiences of students in all grades across the country. This vision, articulated in a new report from the National Research ...
    Author: Heidi A. Schweingruber, Helen Quinn, Thomas E. Keller, and Greg Pearson
    Release date: Spring 2013
    Volume: 43
    Number: 1
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    A Glimpse into the DOD S&T Program
    Leveraging advances in commercial technologies and maintaining a well-balanced, adequately funded S&T program will be necessary to retaining our technological edge. As the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) moves into the twenty-first century, its science and technology (S&T) program ...
    Author: Delores M. Etter
    Release date: Summer 2001
    Volume: 31
    Number: 2
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    A Life In Education
    An engineer's personal experiences form the basis for an innovative educational program that uses concrete, visual problems to teach abstract math concepts to students in inner-city public schools. Many are the paths to a successful educational career, and they vary from country to ...
    Author: Mario Salvadori
    Release date: Summer 1997
    Volume: 27
    Number: 2
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    A Nuclear Explosion in a City or an Attack on a Nuclear Reactor
    A surface detonation of a 10-kiloton nuclear bomb would be far more deadly than either of the bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. In this article, I discuss two types of nuclear terrorism: (1) the detonation of a nuclear weapon or improvised nuclear device (IND, also called ...
    Author: Richard L. Garwin
    Release date: Summer 2010
    Volume: 40
    Number: 2
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    A Perspective on the Social Amplifications of Risk
    Risk perception and communication are important factors in decisions about managing risk events and their impacts. One of the most perplexing problems in risk analysis is why some relatively minor risks or risk events (as assessed by technical experts) elicit strong public concerns and result ...
    Author: Roger E. Kasperson
    Release date: Fall 2012
    Volume: 42
    Number: 3
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    A Plea for a Coordinated National Water Policy
    The United States has no national policies or institutions in place to deal with the major water challenges that lie ahead. U.S. scientists chartered by Congress through the National Academies have affirmed that climate change is occurring, identified its potential impacts, and concluded that ...
    Author: Gerald E. Galloway Jr.
    Release date: Winter 2011
    Volume: 41
    Number: 4
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    A White Paper on the Defense Against Ballistic Missiles
    The United States needs a strong, effective missile defense system to meet the threats and uncertainties that lie ahead. Introduction In the past three years, very significant progress has been made on the development of defenses against ballistic missiles. A number of systems have been ...
    Author: Hans Mark
    Release date: Summer 2001
    Volume: 31
    Number: 2
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    Adaptation to the Impacts of Climate Change on Transportation
    Nowhere will the impacts of climate change and the need for adaptive responses be more apparent than in our vast, complex transportation system. Henry G. Schwartz Jr.
    Author: Henry G. Schwartz Jr.
    Release date: Fall 2010
    Volume: 40
    Number: 3
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    Adapting Industry Practices for the Rapid, Large-Scale Manufacture of Pharmaceutical Proteins
    The tools and methods of industrial biotechnology could be adapted to produce pharmaceutical proteins for a pandemic influenza vaccine. At Genencor, an industrial biotechnology company, full-scale industrial manufacturing of proteins at volumes of 30,000,000 gram-active proteins per month is ...
    Author: David Estell
    Release date: Fall 2006
    Volume: 36
    Number: 3
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    Adapting Process-Improvement Techniques in an Academic Medical Center
    Systemic changes require cooperation between those who deliver care and administrators committed to the public disclosure of outcomes. Academic medical centers, the crown jewels of the medical system, have a tripartite mission. First, of course, as hospitals, they are intimately involved in ...
    Author: Paul F. Levy
    Release date: Spring 2008
    Volume: 38
    Number: 1
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    Additive Manufacturing in Aerospace: Examples and Research Outlook
    Additive manufacturing has the potential to revolutionize the production of aerospace and defense components. The advantages of additive manufacturing are now widely recognized, even in the general media, and are predicted to revolutionize manufacturing processes for many industries ...
    Author: Brett Lyons
    Release date: Spring 2012
    Volume: 42
    Number: 1
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    Agent-Based Modeling as a Decision-Making Tool
    Control over agent-based systems can be achieved via modeling tools. Researchers have made considerable advances in the quantitative characterization, understanding, and control of nonliving systems. We are rather familiar with physical and chemical systems, ranging from elementary ...
    Author: Zoltán Toroczkai and Stephen Eubank
    Release date: Winter 2005
    Volume: 35
    Number: 4
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    Agriculture and Information Technology
    Editor's note for Fall 2011 Bridge
    Author: Andrew Alleyne
    Release date: Fall 2011
    Volume: 41
    Number: 3
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    Agriculture and Smarter Food Systems
    Requirements for greater transparency about where food comes from and how it is treated along the way are becoming more stringent. The growing world population is putting increasing strains on natural resources, including agricultural resources, and recent economic and environmental trends ...
    Author: Matthew Denesuk and Susan Wilkinson
    Release date: Fall 2011
    Volume: 41
    Number: 3
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    Alternative Methods of Making Influenza Vaccines
    The keys to survival of a pandemic will be surveillance, public health planning, and a publicly agreed strategy for behavior. When talking about the development of vaccines to avert an influenza pandemic, we must keep in mind a sobering fact. A very well run vaccine development program, from ...
    Author: Alan Shaw
    Release date: Fall 2006
    Volume: 36
    Number: 3
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    Alternative Pathways to a Carbon-Emission-Free Energy System
    There has developed a broad consensus that energy systems will move towards electricity for all stationary energy uses, and to hydrogen (compressed, adsorbed, or liquefied) for transportation fuel. Over the past several decades there have been drastic changes in the perception of the ...
    Author: Henry R. Linden
    Release date: Fall 1999
    Volume: 29
    Number: 3
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