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R. Boyd and S. Mathew (2007). "Behavior - A narrow road to cooperation." Science 316(5833): 1858-1859.
Summary: Boyd and Mathews highlight that, in a group dynamic, participants can be thought either as contributors, working together and benefiting from the collective good, defectors, not contributing and benefiting, or nonparticipants, not contributing to the collective good but not consuming benefits, rather engaging in an independent activity...