Visualizing Chemistry

Scientists and engineers have long relied on imaging techniques to study objects invisible to the naked eye. Now they are pushing the limits of technology in pursuit of chemical imaging—techniques of visualizing molecular structures and chemical composition in time and space as they actually unfold, from tiny biological systems to the vast expanses of distant galaxies. Chemical imaging also has a variety of everyday applications, ranging from medical diagnosis and treatments to the study and design of material properties in new products. To continue to improve our understanding and manipulation of complex chemical structures and processes, we must link technological advances in chemical imaging with a science-based approach to using these new capabilities, which may lead to breakthroughs in our understanding of basic chemical processes in biology, the environment, and manufactured products. This report provides a review of the current state of chemical imaging technology, identifies promising future developments and their applications, and suggests a research and educational agenda that could lead to breakthrough improvements. The report highlights the advances that would have the greatest impact on critical problems in science and technology.