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This is the 25th Volume in the series Memorial Tributes compiled by the National Academy of Engineering as a personal remembrance of the lives and outstanding achievements of its members and international members. These volumes are intended to stand as an enduring record of the many contributions of engineers and engineering to the benefit of humankind. In most cases, the authors of the tributes are contemporaries or colleagues who had personal knowledge of the interests and the engineering accomplishments of the deceased. Through its members and international members, the Academy...
This is the 25th Volume in the series Memorial Tributes compiled by the National Academy of Engineering as a personal remembrance of the lives and outstanding achievements of its members and international members. These volumes are intended to stand as an enduring record of the many contributions of engineers and engineering to the benefit of humankind. In most cases, the authors of the tributes are contemporaries or colleagues who had personal knowledge of the interests and the engineering accomplishments of the deceased. Through its members and international members, the Academy carries out the responsibilities for which it was established in 1964.
Under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering was formed as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. Members are elected on the basis of significant contributions to engineering theory and practice and to the literature of engineering or on the basis of demonstrated unusual accomplishments in the pioneering of new and developing fields of technology. The National Academies share a responsibility to advise the federal government on matters of science and technology. The expertise and credibility that the National Academy of Engineering brings to that task stem directly from the abilities, interests, and achievements of our members and international members, our colleagues and friends, whose special gifts we remember in this book.
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BY LILLIAN C. BORRONE
JAMES JEROME O’BRIEN, an early adopter and proponent of the critical path method of construction management scheduling and former chair and CEO of O’Brien-Kreitzberg & Associates, died of natural causes December 31, 2020, in Yardley, Pennsylvania, at the age of 91.
Jim was born to Sylvester Jerome and Emma Belle Filer O’Brien in Philadelphia on October 20, 1929. He was proud of his Irish heritage and a go-getter. When he enrolled at Cornell University in a 5-year engineering course in 1948, he realized that, while he was fortunate to be there, he needed a job. He waited tables at one of the fraternity houses and decades later noted that it gave him the opportunity to follow “Big Red” football passionately as the fraternity president was close friends with key team members. He also joined NROTC to assist with his financial situation.
Jim graduated from Cornell with a bachelor’s degree in civil engineering in 1952. It was a momentous year for him as he also married Carmen Heister that June. Shortly after marrying he began his service in the United States Navy, serving during the Korean War. He and Carmen also began their family with their first child, Jessica, born in December of 1953. They subsequently added two more children, Michael and David.
Jim’s first engineering job was with Rohm & Haas as a project engineer (1955–59). While there he began to focus on project management and also did some postgraduate study at the University of Houston.
In 1959 he accepted a project engineer position with the Radio Corporation of America, where he served on project installations in New Jersey, Greenland, and Alaska through 1962. That year he returned to the Philadelphia area and went to work for John Mauchly (NAE 1967), one of the pioneers of the computer field who, with J. Presper Eckert (NAE 1967), created the ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer).
With his project management experience and an interest in the critical path method (CPM) of contract scheduling, Jim now worked with a mentor who both supported his interests and had developed a computing device that offered the capacity to introduce CPM more broadly to the engineering community. Jim worked with Mauchly & Associates until 1965, when he founded and became senior vice president of Meridian Engineering Company of Philadelphia with Fred Kreitzberg.
Licensed in Pennsylvania, New York, and New Jersey, Jim then served as president of Molecular Delivery Corporation (1968–72) in Cherry Hill, NJ, before establishing the consulting firm of James J. O’Brien, PE (1972–77). Both served as platforms for him to promote the CPM concept.
CPM was used as the basis of a management information system to support the US Army Corps of Engineers in the construction of the vertical assembly building (VAB) for the Saturn rocket program at Cape Canaveral, Florida, in the mid-1960s.1 Its success led to NASA’s choosing Meridian Engineering and their team to develop a similar system for all aspects of the Apollo space travel program.
In 1968 O’Brien led a team to apply “the Cape Canaveral approach” to New York City’s capital program, which had a $4 billion public works backlog and needed to expedite projects to the bid stage.
During the 1970s O’Brien-Kreitzberg & Associates, founded in 1972, evolved into a well-known consulting firm with a team monitoring 2500 projects. Jim served as president of the firm (1977–80), CEO (1980–89), and then chair, from 1993 until the firm was acquired by URS in 1997.
In 1988 the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey brought in the O’Brien-Kreitzberg team to help expedite, organize, and manage its $2 billion John F. Kennedy International Airport 2000 renewal program. Among other responsibilities, the contract called for O’Brien-Kreitzberg to introduce and educate the Port Authority Engineering Department staff about the use of CPM, which it did with great effect. The PA staff became proponents of the scheduling approach and later adopted other strategies promoted by Jim O’Brien, including formalized project management and value engineering.
Eager to put out the word about the critical path method, he published the first textbook on the subject,CPM in Construction Management: Scheduling by the Critical Path Method (McGraw-Hill, 1965). It became a bestseller and a staple of academic study, and is now in its eighth edition. He also wrote or coauthored eleven other books.
In addition to his professional career, Jim was very engaged in engineering organizations. He was a cofounder of the Project Management Institute (elected a fellow in 1989) and Society for the Advancement of Value Engineering; and he was very active with the Lawrence D. Miles Value Foundation, for which he served 6 years as director of the board and 19 years as a trustee; Construction Management Association of America (elected a fellow in 1993); American Society of Civil Engineers (elected a fellow in 1996); and Project Management Association of America.
In addition to his election to the NAE, he was recognized with the Professional Manager Award from the NY Chapter of the Society for the Advancement of Management in 1969.
However one defines success, it is clear that Jim O’Brien was one. He leveraged his knowledge and experience in unique fashion using his management experience to contribute to the growth of a new industry and new applications to educate practitioners and enhance the practice of engineering.
He and Carmen divorced in 1984 and later that year he married Rita F. Gibson, who eventually became executive vice president of O’Brien-Kreitzberg. She had two children, Susan Mathers (William) and Stephen Gibson (deceased). Rita died in November 2010. Jim is survived by his children Jessica Snyder (Marc), Michael O’Brien (Victoria), and David O’Brien (Pamela); four grandchildren and four great-grandchildren; and Rita’s daughter and grandchildren.
____________________________ 1 As reported in a profile published in Engineering News Record (May 26, 2003), “Off the Critical Path? Experts Debate the State of CPM Scheduling.”